Augustus: Establishment of the Principate

Establishment of the Principate Booklet 1 impingement of the dying of Caesar Goernment of capital of Italy, under the republic ?Senate governed Rome ?Corsus Honorum- political ladder of offices Consul pretor Political offices voted for by public Aedile Quaestor Army services- 10 years usurpation on Octavian Treated him like a password, groomed him as heir, array experience Danger to O after death, assassinated for his dictatorial demeanor When he found out, he didnt go to Rome straightforward away (danger) wen to Italy In will, O had been named heir A. H. M j unrivaleds- no danger to Oct only wanted to rid Rome of Caesar Return to Rome for inheritance Reinforced position by raising two legions (5000 each)- veterans of retired Caesar, verity and closeness. Needs to match to C and show why C make him heir (prove himself) We dont k immediately how he was scent, but though that a furious hatred for the murderers of his beloved great uncle. When he was heir must have a duty of vengeance Felt robbed of the hopes of a cargoner under C patronage As Caesars son he commanded support from soldiers and veterans Frosty reception from Antony, who denied access to C fortune. O borrowed funds to pay off C bequest to the Roman good deal and celebrate games increase pop. Filial piety = fast(a)ty to overprotect, family and ancestors The games coinage with cipher of comet which confirms Caesars divine status made Oct divus filius son of god Impact on Rome Upset, C was pop by Rome ab initio calm, C assassins expected normal government to resume. Antony and Marcus Lepidus remained untouched Assassins perceived him as dictator and threat to republic. subsequently Rome was send into turmoil for murdered, who had no future(a) plans and though death would lead to restorations of the republic David Shotter- meant little more than the gentry would be free to resume their self- indulgent lifestyle Left a power vacuum in Rome Political support- situation was explosi ve one side in that respect were the supporters of the conspirators against Caesar, on the other side there were Caesars men (M+A) who had the mint and the majority of the tribunes behind them. The question remained- what was to be done about murderers of Julius Caesar? Early Career of Octavian Gaius Octavian was born on the twenty-fourth September 63BC into a wealthy and respected family Mother Atia, niece of Julius Caesar She later married th aristocratic L. Marcius Philippus who proved to be a good tint father to Oct providing the young boy with a solid if rather demode education When 11 he gave a speech at his nans, Julia, funeral Caesar was impressed with the boys abilities had him elected to the college of pontiffs and allowed him to take part in his African triumph when Oct was only 16 He was a dedicate boy who suffered bouts of illness throughout his life. Sickness prevented him from going to Spain in 46, concomitant Caesar Although he soon followed even though still not feeling well Caesar was impressed and was from then made his will in favour of Oct In preparation of his planning for the draw against the Parthians, Caesar appointed Oct to his staff and sent him to Macedonia to complete his education and also receive military training O took with him a friend, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, who until his death in 12BC was to remain Os loyal friend and supporter Oct attempts to secure is inheritance Didnt k outright that he was heir until returning from Italy Parents suggested that he shouldnt accept but he not only accepted, but changed hi name to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus He now had to aims Avenge his fathers death Prove himself worthy of much(prenominal) a father As he moved around Italy, C veterans and friends welcomed him he would have to be cautious to meet his ends Cicero did not pull him, he wrote in a letter to Atticus there are too many around him.They threatened death to our friends and call the usher state of affairs intoler able O received a polar and hostile welcome from his fathers friend Marc Antony when he arrived Antony block O attempt to have his adoption legalised and would not hand over Caesars money Oct borrowed money in order to honour fathers legacy gained him pop. and has games at his own expense Antony probably didnt perceive O as a serious political correspond Jones Octavians temporary collaboration with the Republicans Two broad categories republicans and CaesariansRepublicans Brutus and Cassius left for the easternmost to raise troops, Cicero returned to R to lead the senate against Antony Caesarians Antony laid a siege to Brutus at Mutina, Oc rebuffed by Antony, appealed to Caesars veterans and seduced 2 of Antonys legions 43BC Cicero decided to use Oct for a republican cause in doing so speaks favourably of him Raising an armament like O did was illegal, however Cicero decided to look past this Oct origin consulship Defeated A in Gaul he was now an adversary (with republi cans) Senate tried to discard Oct O realised that now the republicans were in command, his fathers murderers that he would have to take vengeance He was consulship so that allowed him to gain lead-in position of the Caesarion party Senate and Cicero continued to reject O demands used cd centurions to march to Gaul and demand that their commander be given the consulship When this was resisted, O marched with Romes legions He was elected in 43BC with his cousin Quintus Pedius they revoked the prevail outlawing Antony and legalised the adoption Oct had achieved his immediate objectives Now planned to meet B+C in battle The Second Triumvirate Members Antony, Lepidus, Octavian Five years- length of appointment target of alliance to set the state in order and to attack the republican armies of B+C in the east Power of T Absolute- pwers of a dictator without the name The right to nominate all magistrates in gain Territory controlled A- Transalpine & Cisalpine Gaul, L-Narbonese Gaul & Spain, O- Africa, Sicily & Sardinia First task under taken campaign of proscription ?Purpose? Confiscate estates in order to have money and land for the troops ? Destroy their enemies ?Results? ?Death of 300 senators ?Inc. death of Cicero ? leakage republicans Further activities Julius Caesar fully deified, Lepidus appointed consul for 42, preparations made for A+O to attend B+C in Macedonia Civil War Battle of Philippi, 42BC After proscriptions, a campaign made to avenge murder The Caesarion faction finally completes the avenging of the murder of Caesar Faction found itself in control of 60 legions passage to Civil War At first it seemed that A to control of the east. = well-situated in resources O received Italy (heart of the empire) Sextus based in Sicily Interfered with the trading in Italy grain supplies and refuge for opponents of the the T. Defeted Lucius Antonius, 41BC and Sextus Pompeius, 36BC Make an example of his control Argued that A was succumbing in relationship with his mistress Cleopatra Republicans taken refuge with S, allowed them to return to Italy Showed the Roman virtues(merciful) Claimed reference book for their rehabilitation Events provided material for O propaganda Undesirability of the union- A and chief victim was A wife and Os sister, Octavia Shotter says that Os marriage to Livia Drusilla was one of the most important decisions of his life Oct, leader of Caesarion faction was now the angiotensin-converting enzyme of the republicans The west were being prepared for a war that was not visualized as the civil war Battle of Actium- Consequences and Significance Significance -O was now supreme ruler of the Roman world -Egypt added to a bare-assed obligation of the Roman Empire Wealth was added -Victories lead the civil wars to a important end -29BC O closed the doors of the Temple of Janus in Rome new era of peace was brought to the empire Source 1- coin Proclaiming E has been taken Croc means that -Creation of financial s tability -No acceptance of exceptional honurs or powers -Use of propaganda to get up a new era of peace -No vengeance in the found of proscriptions exacted against enemies -Emphasis on interest in traditional and conservative activities -Provision of diversions and employment for the people