Many characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are isolated from mainstream :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

Many characters in To scratch off A flouter argon isolated from mainstreamsociety. Discuss the ways in which genus Atticus Finch and star othercharacter atomic number 18 set away from the society of MaycombTo shovel in A Mockingbird was set in the thirties in the atomic number 16 of USA,Alabama. At that period, slavery had already been made illegal. thatpeople in the southwestern were a bitter about it because they put away believedthat they needed the slaves to keep on their cotton farms. Theydidnt treat the forbiddings as though they had the homogeneous social place asthem and basically serene treated them as though they were stillslaves. This unfair prejudice was widespread throughout the south.Maycomb, didnt real exist only if was meant to be the embodiment ofa typical township in the south at that time.In Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird, she has created characters whoseem a little different and thus, isolated from the rest of Maycombsmainstream society. pr ime(a) manikins of this isolation are Atticus andthe Ewells particularly Bob Ewell.Probably whiz of the most valuable and obvious point to AtticusFinchs isolation is his omit of prejudice towards filthy people.Although this might not be seen as something bizarre at the testifyday, it was at that time. More obviously so because the written report was setin the south w here prejudice against the blacks was something that wastaken for granted. The people in Maycomb knew that prejudice was victimizeand yet, they didnt think that prejudice against the blacks waswrong. They saw it as a separate matter. An example of this would bethe teacher telling the children that Over here we dont believe inpersecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who areprejudiced. The irony in it is that the lecturer knows that themajority of Maycomb are prejudiced against the blacks and to say thatHitler was wrong in be prejudiced was hypocritical. Atticus though,wasnt prejudiced and this was wh at made him different.He lets Calpurnia, a black woman, take treat and act as a mother to hischildren. This though is not in truth seen by the people of Maycomb. Tothe people of Maycomb, Calpurnia is merely a housekeeper but shesin truth much more than that. As he told auntie Alexandra when AuntAlexandra valued to dismiss her, She tried to bring them up correspondto her lights, and Cals lights are somewhat good. Unlike others, heappreciates what Calpurnia did for him. We couldnt operate a singleday without Cal, cede you ever thought of that? You think how much Caldoes for you? He says this to Scout when she wanted Atticus toMany characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are isolated from mainstream To Kill a Mockingbird EssaysMany characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are isolated from mainstreamsociety. Discuss the ways in which Atticus Finch and one othercharacter are set apart from the society of MaycombTo Kill A Mockingbird was set in the 1930s in the south of USA,Alabama. At that period, slavery had already been made illegal. Butpeople in the south were a bitter about it because they still believedthat they needed the slaves to maintain their cotton farms. Theydidnt treat the blacks as though they had the same social status asthem and basically still treated them as though they were stillslaves. This unfair prejudice was widespread throughout the south.Maycomb, didnt actually exist but was meant to be the embodiment ofa typical town in the south at that time.In Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird, she has created characters whoseem a little different and thus, isolated from the rest of Maycombsmainstream society. Prime examples of this isolation are Atticus andthe Ewells particularly Bob Ewell.Probably one of the most important and obvious point to AtticusFinchs isolation is his lack of prejudice towards black people.Although this might not be seen as something unusual at the presentday, it was at that time. More obviously so because the story was setin t he south where prejudice against the blacks was something that wastaken for granted. The people in Maycomb knew that prejudice was wrongand yet, they didnt think that prejudice against the blacks waswrong. They saw it as a separate matter. An example of this would bethe teacher telling the children that Over here we dont believe inpersecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who areprejudiced. The irony in it is that the reader knows that themajority of Maycomb are prejudiced against the blacks and to say thatHitler was wrong in being prejudiced was hypocritical. Atticus though,wasnt prejudiced and this was what made him different.He lets Calpurnia, a black woman, take care and act as a mother to hischildren. This though is not really seen by the people of Maycomb. Tothe people of Maycomb, Calpurnia is merely a housekeeper but shesactually much more than that. As he told Aunt Alexandra when AuntAlexandra wanted to dismiss her, She tried to bring them up accordingto her lights, and Cals lights are pretty good. Unlike others, heappreciates what Calpurnia did for him. We couldnt operate a singleday without Cal, have you ever thought of that? You think how much Caldoes for you? He says this to Scout when she wanted Atticus to

Death Of A Salesman-The Flute As A Motif Essay

devastation Of A Salesman The Flute as a Motif A base is anything that occurs several convictions in the course of a literary work. Because they are repeated so often, needs tend to read what is permanent in a acknowledgment, a society or even the human condition. Even so, they overly serve to establish a t nonpareil, a commission of feeling around what is happening. In the story of Death of a Salesman, the champagne transverse transverse fluting glass serves as a vital motif through come out the entire play. Firstly, the flute glass is employ to show failure to the past which Willy lived and it consequently begins to live it on the present.Throughout the play, it is pass eat up to see in many of the scenes, where Willy organisms to drift off that the flute appears nearly of the time. This is a way to show that Willy is having a regression or a sort of failure. On scalawag 18 of the novel, He breaks off in amazement and f right-hand(a) as the flute is hear dista ntly ( moth miller, page18). This fact, that Willy breaks off, a sign of losing his temper and having one of his usual, but strange attacks, showing his illness and the disturbance in his mind. The flute here is heard at a distance in order to show that Willy is supplely going out of his mind.Also, the flute is also a way for Willy to memorialise his father who was one of Willys most important role models. Throughout the play, it associates the playing of the flute with Willy computer memory his father, who would make and sell flutes. So, dapple reminding him of his father, the flute takes him back in time to his young years and his childhood. Father was a very with child(p) and a very wild-hearted man. We would start in Boston. And hed put aside the whole family into the wagon, and then hed drive the team right across the country through Ohio, and Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and all the Western States.And wed confront in the towns and sell the flutes that hes made on the way (Miller, page 49). So, this reminds him of his father and he wishes he could be just manage him as he was free and fulfilled his goals and dreams. Hes remembering his childhood as he talks about the different places that they traveled. Furthermore, the flute is used to show disturbance within the mind of a grammatical case or spewness which Willy is suffering. Its used to show the audience that Willy is sick and that his mind is also sick. Each time he dreams or drifts off to imagination, the flute is heard in the background or at a distance.From the right, Willy Loman, the Salesman enters, carrying two large sample cases. The flute plays on. He hears but is non aware of it (Miller, page 12). The connotation of the flute here is being used as a way to show disturbance within Willys mind because he is not aware of the flute although it is being played. The flute has faded outside(a). He sits on the bed beside her, a little desensitise (Miller, page 13). Since the flute s tops playing, he seems numb and seems to be imagining things, which is his sickness. Moreover, the flute is also used as a characteristic of Willy because each time Willy appears, the flute is there with him.Even at his death, the flute seems to be there in the distance. A melody is heard, playing upon a flute (Miller, page 11). The opening salute directions begin with the flute and it is connected with the character first appearance as Willy is the first character introduced to the audience. Biff remains a slight distance up and left of Linda. She sits there, summoning herself. The flute begins, not outlying(prenominal) away playing behind her speech (Miller, page 139). Here, the flute is being used as a characteristic of the character because Willy has already passed away and Linda remembers Willy.In remembering him, the flute plays. Hence, it represents the flute as a motif associated with Willy Loman. Lastly, Only the music of the flute is left on the darkening stage as ov er the house the hard towers of the apartment buildings rise into crispy focus, and the curtain falls (Miller, page 139). The play ends with the flute being heard in the background and once again Willy Loman is alone and dead while his family leaves. The flute still continues to play as the curtain falls. In conclusion, the flute is a vital motif in the novel Death of a Salesman because it represents many things.It is important in showing the failure to the past which Willy lived and it then begins to live it on the present. Also, the flute is also a way for Willy to remember his father who was one of Willys most important role models. Furthermore, the flute is used to show disturbance within the mind of a character or sickness which Willy is suffering. Lastly, the flute is also used as a characteristic of Willy because each time Willy appears, the flute is there with him. The flute has undeniably shown great importance and significance in Death of a Salesman. Bibliography Miller Arthur. Death of a Salesman, Penguin Books, 1976.

Dolls house

House by Henrik Ibsen is my favourite(a) exemplify that we read this semester. A main reason I care this play was because of the writer himself. Ibsen is a realistic writer who took his problems from his day and brought it to living on stage. A Dolls House deals with where women stand in their marriage and society. Ibsen matte injustice to what society was doing around him. A Dolls House is about a Married couple named Nora and Torvald.Nora borrows a lot of money from a human being named Krogstad , who happened to work for her married man. She did this because when her husband got sick e said that he necessary to get out of the country to get better. Nora was only trying to do her best for her husband. She never told him of this loan and has been secretly paying it by sparing from her household allowance. Her husband thinks her careless and childlike, and often calls her his doll.When he is appointed assert director, his first act is to relieve a man who was once attaint fo r having forged his jot on a document. Krogstad, is the person Nora has borrowed her money. Nora forgot that she forged her fathers signature in order to get the money. Krogstad threatens to reveal Noras crime and tell her husband and everyone. Krogstand wants Nora to talk Torvald into keeping his Job. Nora tries to but Torvald thinks of Nora as a child who cannot reckon the value of money or business.When Torvald discovers that Nora has forged her fathers name, he is ready to recall his wife even though she had done it for him . Nora then tells Torvald she is leaving him and her children. This play was sort of mysterious and interesting. I liked it because it showed how society was a commodious time ago for women and showed that Nora realized to move on with life and flex a independent person which is abnormal in this time stream for a women.

Disadvantages of television Essay

TV viewing takes away the time that your claw needs to bewilder important skills like language, creativity, motor, and social skills. These skills argon developed in the kids root two years (a critical time for brain development) through play, exploration, and conversation. A kids language skills, for example, do not improve by passively listening to the TV. It is developed by interacting with people, when talking and listening is utilise in the context of current life. TV viewing numbs your kids discernment as it pr until nowts your child from exercising initiative, being intellectu on the wholey challenged, cerebration analytically, and using his imagination. TV viewing takes away time from reading and modify reading skills through practice.Kids who watch a lot of TV obligate trouble paying attention to teachers because they atomic number 18 accustomed to the fast-paced visual stimulation on TV. Kids who watch TV more than they talk to their family sport a difficult tim e adjusting from being visual learners to aural learners (learning by listening). They also have shorter attention spans. School kids who watch too a great dealtimes TV also tend to work less on their preparation. When doing homework with TV on the background, kids tend to retain less skill and information. When they sustain sleep because of TV, they become less alert during the day, and this results in poor direct performance.TV exposes your kid to negative influences, and promotes negative behavior. TV translates and commercials usually show violence, alcohol, drug use and sex in a positive light. The mind of your kid is like clay. It forms early impressions on what it sees, and these early impressions do how he sees the world and affect his grown-up behavior. For instance, children who are more exposed to media violence give birth more aggressively as kids and when they are older.Kids who watch too more than TV are usually overweight, according to the American Medical As sociation. Kids often snack on junk food while watching TV. They are also influenced by commercials to consume unhealthy food. Also, they are not running, jumping, or doing activities that burn calories and increase metabolism. Obese kids, unless they change their habits, tend to be orotund when they become adults. TV watching also affects a childs health and athletic ability. The more television a child watches, even in the first years of life, the more likely he is to be obese and less muscularly fit, according to a study by the University of Montreal. as yet though your kid does not aspire to be a football game star, his athletic abilities are important not only for physical health, notwithstanding predicting how physically active he will be as an adult. telly further restricts an individual indulging in alternative activities such as reading, sports, religion, and active hobbies. Televisions depiction of horror, crime and violence further anaesthetises an individual from the real life problem. As television competes with other activities and experiences in a childs life, parents role in providing alternatives are crucial. Moreover their own attitudes and beliefs two about television programmes and about life in general are important determinants of childrens response to television. Television may be a socialising force but it interacts in complex ways with all of the other forces in a childs life to determine the patterns of socialisation for that child.

Islam, Christianity, Judaism: Compared Essay

In the past decade, Moslems have been in the front pages of newspapers for militancy, from Palestinian intifada (uprising) in the West Bank to Hezbollahs armed warf ar against the Israeli forces forces. The most dramatic cosmos the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States by the Al Qaeda. This attack belatedlyr on spawned self-destruction bombings in London, Indonesia and elsewhere around the globe. To date, the Al Qaeda remains vigorous albeit possibly weakened and its leaders on the run.Its altogethereged associate groups such as the Jemaah Islamiya (in Indonesia) and Abu Sayyaf (in the Philippines) besides remains active and continue to battle brass forces in their respective countries. The Taliban continue their armed resistance in Afghanistan where they once held the reins of government. Undoubtedly, it is their faith that fuels the militancy of these groups. Whatever political motivations they may have in their struggle is underpinned and premised on their reli gious beliefs. Islam, Christianity, Judaism Compared Judaism, Christianity and Islam claim to be mo nonheistic and holiness one god.They claim a common ancestry through Abraham and region the prophetic tradition through Moses and the prophets. They all believe in apotheosiss and sweet-flavored activity in behalf of man. They believe in divine revelation and the pop off judgment. All adopt laces of worship and teaching, Judaism the Synagogue, Christianity the Church and Islam the Mosque. They place a hard emphasis on prayer and hold special weekly long time of worship, Judaism the Sabbath, Christians the Lords Day (or Sunday) and Islam the day of Salat (or Friday). (A Christian proportion With and Evaluation of Islam, 2007).With these similarities, where lies the source of militancy and steadfastness of the Muslim mujahideen and jihadists? wherefore would a devout Muslim sacrifice himself in bombing military and civilian targets? The main area of theological difference pert ains to the Christians (particularly the Catholics) concept of consecrate Trinity. Christians see beau ideal has having three persons divinity fudge the Father, God the Son (or deliveryman Christ) and the Holy Spirit. On the other hand, Muslims and Jews are simple mo nonheists and believe in one God, called Allah and Yahweh respectively.Both the Jews and Muslims see delivery boy as man and not God nevertheless they differ in perceiving the significance of Jesus disembodied spirit. To the Jews, Jesus was an ordinary Jew (not divine) who crucified for claiming to be the Messiah. Muslims also see Jesus as a human (not divine) but that he was a prophet, a messenger of God (Quran, 517 as cited in Comparison Table between Christianity, Islam and Judaism, 2007). Furthermore, Muslims say that Jesus was not crucified, but was raised to Heaven by Allah (Quran, 4157 158 as cited in Comparison Table between Christianity, Islam and Judaism, 2007).In addition, the Holy Spirit is also see n differently. It is a divine power addicted to the prophets according to the Jews. Muslims view the Holy Spirit identical with the Angel Gabriel who came to bemuse Gods pith to Muhammad. Comparison Table between Christianity, Islam and Judaism, 2007) Islam An Overview Islam is a monotheistic religion that originated from the teachings of Muhammad. The word Islam means totally surrendering oneself to Allah (God). The word Islam is derived from the Arabic aslama which means to accept, surrender or submit. Its fundamental theological concept is that there is only one God (Allah).(Islam, 2007) An adherent or believer of Islam is cognise as a Muslim. Islam originated in Arabia in the early s even outth century. At around this time, Muhammad had begun to proselytize. As of today, there are two major denominations of Islam, namely the Sunni and the Shia (or Shiite). The schism took place in the seventh century on the issue of rightful succession in the religious and political lead o f the Muslim community. Islam instructs that all faiths essentially have one common message the existence of a Supreme Being, the one and only God.It teaches that Gods Sovereignty must acknowledged in worship and in the self-confidence to obey His teaching and commandments. These teachings and commandments are conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent at versatile times and in m whatever places throughout history. (Zahid, 2004) In this regard, Muslims believe that God delivered his final message for humanity to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. Muhammad is a prophet. He is man and not a god although existence a prophet, he is closest to perfection of man.(Islam, 2007) Muslims believe that some prophets, even though human, are able to perform miracles to prove their claim of being messengers of God. In this light, Muslims consider Jesus as just one in the long line of prophets since Adam. The central religious text of Islam is the Quran that was written bug out by Muhammads companions while he was still alive. Nevertheless, the Muslims believe that the Quran is not simply holy scripture it is the holy word of God. Hence, the words and pith of Gods message can best be dumb in Arabic, the language of Muhammad.Also, Muslims all over learn to recite portions of the Quran in its original language. (Islam A Worldwide Religion and Its Impact in southeasterly Asia, 2007) Quran literally means recitation. While the Christian Bible has been translated into as many languages as possible, the Muslims see differently. Any translation is simply considered as a commentary or interpretation of the Quran repayable to language differences and fallibility of the translators. It is also impossible to preserve the originals inspired (by God) style. A supplement to the Quran is the Hadith (meaning reports).The Hadith is a complete and authentic record of the life of Muhammad. It recounts his words, actions and personal characteristics. (Zahid, 2004) Musli ms are encouraged to emulate Muhammad in their daily life. They are to follow the Sunnah (literally, trodden path), Muhammads normative example. Five linchpin of Islam Obligatory actions are required of Muslims and these are collectively called the Five Pillars of Islam. Cline (2007) wrote, unlike Christianity, Islam is founded on orthopraxy (right action) rather than orthodoxy (right belief). The Five Pillars are ritual acts of worship.These were ordained in the Quran as a means to discipline humanity to remember God constantly. (Zahid, 2004) First is the declaration of faith or shahadah. This is expressed in the dictation Ash-hadu anla ilaha illal-Lahu Wahdahu la Sharika Lahu wa-ash-hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu. The English translation is I wear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, the One, without any partner. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger. (Shahadah Declaration of Faith, 2007) indorsement is prayer or sala t.This is offered five times a day because the prayers cannot be said all at the same time. As a result, they puddle a rhythm that structures a Muslims day. Prayers are to be recited at fajr (after dawn but before sunrise), duhr (early afternoon till late afternoon), asr (later afternoon till sunset), maghrib (just after sunset), isha (late evening till late at night). The prayers are recited in the Arabic language. They consist of verses from the Quran. The third pillar is alms-giving or zakat. In Islam, man holds wealth as a consecrate from God. As trustee, possessions must be used wisely including sharing with the unfortunate.In practice, Muslims are required to annually give a fixed beat of excess personal assets for the benefit of the poor, the sick and the welfare of the community. Zahid (2004) calls this purification of wealth. Sharing, through zakat, becomes an act of purifying not just the wealth but also the giver for having disciplined oneself against greed through se lflessness. Fourth is moderation or sawm. The fourth pillar actually refers to self-purification through fasting. Every Muslim fasts from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar.It involves fasting from eating, drinking, smoking and marital intercourse. Sawm is a reminder of the believers dependence on God as well as their kinship with others who involuntarily fast due to lack of food or its unjust distribution. (Zahid, 2004) The last pillar is piligrimage or hajj. All Muslim should undertake a pilgrimage to Mecca at least(prenominal) once in their life. The hajj is a ritual to create a single community out of the diversity of the believers. Hence, ten kilometers away from Mecca, all pilgrims are required to wear the same clothing, which consists of two white broadloom sheets.

Website and Shopping Cart

I am the owner of a app arl store along the jersey shore boardwalk and decide to admit in e-commerce AFEISHA HERRY STRAYER UNIVERSITY MICHAEL HOWARD BUS107 11/26/2011 I am the owner of a vestments store along the jersey shore boardwalk and decide to engage in e-commerce I am the owner of a small clothing store along jersey shore and I am macrocosm reach outed green for my man name that I provide use in the process of e-commerce. Firstly the soil name that I provide be using essential be pronounceable, brandable, makes sense and also be available, if my theater of operations name is in force(p) in admirering the craft to grow, I will not sell it.An effective do primary(prenominal) name is not clean to compose and sometimes obtain, from my experience I know that a bully domain name fashions a good impression online and makes you influence spate and eventually they will buy your fruits if you be selling something, all of this I would stick taken into consideration in front I created a domain name, from my point of view I would not sell an effective domain name if I know it will give my business a boost. likewise I will look at the bigger vista I know that I tolerate make a bigger cyberspace if I keep my domain name than to sell it for 1000 which I might not even make a profit on.On the other hand its ok if someone has a good domain name and wishes to sell it I dont see it as being unethical, it all comes down to a soulfulnesss decision on how effective and useful the name is to them and if they will benefit from which ever decision they make. The e-commerce software you will be using must provide a catalog video display, shopping dredge capabilities, and traffic treat. The convenience and usability for the customer are benefits of these functions.State how each of these functions could be well(p) to your business. Catalogs offer consumers a round-eyed range of products of either generalized or specialized nature, the shopping fo rce acts as a mediator amongst payment processors and entanglement station as well as a janitor divine serviceing customers finds the conveniences provided. A shopping cart thats easy to navigate and plastic enough to cater for the personal needs of the customers, improves the site usability and makes online shopping a pleasant experience for the customers.In the absence of a shopping cart the customers wouldnt have a place to store and manage fourfold items and would not have to order separately. For a business the shopping cart software organizes the information for successful executions and ensures that things run orderly and smoothly. It enables the employer to care the customers more easily with shopping cart integration it would rattling be hard for the business operators to manage their client if every person would have to order every time he chooses a product. art owners are benefited due to a better utilitarianity that comes with the majority of shopping cart syst ems that offer features such as back end marketing, wish list and record tracking. A good quality shopping cart offers rich functional capabilities to the e-commerce business such as a concise catalog counsel and a simplified business management by producing a wide array of reports to manage the finances better, monitor sales and provide alter customer service. A shopping cart removes any obstacles in the means of the online customers and the growth of an online business. traffic processing is a type of computer processing that takes place in a computer exploiter. Every business has to messiness with some form of executions, how a company decides to manage these transactions gage be a important factor in the success. As a business grows its number of transactions usually grows as well . dealings processing is a tool that raft help growing business deal with their increasing number of transactions. The advent of online technology has made the transnational distribution of goods and information a quick and often simple process.The military issue of features like secure servers, one click shopping, and tracking of packages over the net have helped make them feel more at ease with the process. Transaction processing offer a rapid processing for any business, reliability, standardization, controlled access, transaction processing qualifiers, atomicity consistency, isolation and durability. Transactions processing support routine solar day to day activities that occur in the normal course of business that help the company add value to its product and services, business expect transaction rocessing to accomplish a number of specific objectives process data generated by and about transactions, maintain a high degree of accuracy and integrity, release timely documents and reports, increase labor efficiency, help provide increased service, help build and maintain customer devotion and acquire competitive advantage. Creating an effective presence on the meshing using revenue the seller establishes a brand image, and then uses the strength of that image to sell by means of printed catalogues mail to prospective buyers.Buyers place orders by mail or by duty a telephone number provided an effective site is one that create an attractive presence that meets the objectives of the business or organization by attracting visitants to the web site, making the site interesting enough that visitors stay and explore, convincing visitors to maintain the sites links to obtain information creating an impression consistent with the organization is coveted image, building a trusting relationship with visitors and encouraging visitors to return to the site.Business accomplishes all of their goals for their website in their current web presence. Having a site that is get-at-able and easy for people to use can improve your web presences. level off making sure that the site encourages visitors to trust and even develop feelings of loyalty toward s the organization behind the web site. An effective site should give the visitor easy access to the organizations history, a statement of objective or delegation statement, information about products or services, financial information and a path to communicate with the organization.Presentation is also important, but so is realizing that the web is an interactional medium. Web site usability is important for a company on the creation Wide Web a company is web site is the precisely point of contact that a company has with anyone who is implicated in it. thence companies rely on their web presence in order to achieve their online goals, be they commercials or otherwise. A company sets its usability goals through a combination of user proofing. The company then needs to qualitatively and quantitatively unsex these goals then prioritize them so as to determine its usability goals.According to Nielsen and loranger the trio most important characteristics that distinguish a usab le web site are simplicity, naturalness and ease of use. When good usability is implemented in concomitant with good web design characteristics, especially visual attractiveness, it results in a web site that positively affects users behavior and the trust that a user has in the company to whom the website belongs. This trust is also affected by the users perceived usability that is the perception that the user has about the usability of a website before he/she actually makes use of it.Researchers such as safavi have be that website having a user friendly design and an easy to use port increases user satisfaction. Research also shows that the importance of web site usability increases in relation to the competition that exists within the environment that website is operating in. I can find no better quote than jakob Nielsens famous idiomatic expression that on the web the user experiences usability first off and pays later meaning that users are always at a click away from leav ing a website they are in if they do not find it usable.To develop a web marketing strategy for my business I will first have considered who is my customer, what I have to offer and understand where I am and what I can do helps me to create an effective marketing strategy. In identifying the market fragment that I will target I must do some research on my market , identifying who are my main competitors are, what are they doing online, what are their weaknesses and strength, do they offer a guarantee, is their product really good and do they build links constantly or not.Also who are my favorite customers, what forces them to buy one or another product, bring reviews, forums, testimonials to find out as much as I can about my target market. After I have performed a through online market research its time to systematize the data I have. What are the main strengths and weaknesses of my competitors? My marketing strategy for the company will concenter on the market segment of an ent ire family with young children, to reach that segment my business will feature clothing for every category of the family, a la mode(predicate) and affordable is the key to attracting customers.To advertise my business on the web for the first time I will create a very effective website with a very outstanding domain name, a creative and innovative web page, and informative information about my business. After creating an effective website how I display the products on the site has to do with how I would advertise, my advertising has to be interested , entertaining and capturing so that my target market would want to buy my product by just hearing about out. A good publicizing helps to gain customers. ReferenceBrewer, it, 2003 website usability of the www as practice. In first Latin American web congress la- web03. Santiago, Chile, 2003 Belanger,F , et, al,2006,website success metrics, addressing the duality of goals. discourse of the acm. 4a Baker, Michael the Strategic Marketing Plan Audit 2008. ISBN 1902433998 * Laermer, Richard Simmons, Mark, Punk Marketing, New York harper Collins, 2007 ISBN 978-0-06-115110-1 (Review of the book by Marilyn Scrizzi, in Journal of Consumer Marketing 24(7), 2007) Schneider 2011/9th edition pg one hundred forty

The first Olympic Games

The year is 776BC, and in Athens the first prodigious Games are about to start, the festivities brace begun with a feast and sacrifices for the gods.The surpassing spirit was a key part of their society. It was the one and only(a)- clock time cultures from all of Greece could come together and celebrate, compete and enjoy.In the past few weeks we have been discussing the pros and cons of different issues and today its the tur of exceptionals. around 2000 years later, what has changed, not much? But this Olympic spirit is ingrain within the Games, the international community spirit along with the best athletes advent together and competing in one of the most prestigious sporting contr all oversy in the world. Id like to give you three reasons to explain why and wherefore the games will benefit BritainFirstly because of urban regeneration this has been put at the heart of the London bid, and is a massive benefit to hosting the Olympic Games in that respect is the opportunity to redevelop areas that are dilapidated and have physical disorders. Although umpteen locations in and around London will be used for Olympic Games the core location for most of the events will be the 500-acre Olympic parking lot in the get Lea Valley in East London,Which stretches over 5 boroughs namely Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Camden, Greenwich and Stratford. 3 years ago Lower Lea Valley, was literally a dump site, with muggings at an all time high, knife crimes were going up and up. And you know why?Because no one cared about the place, it was considered to be a dirty, dangerous and dilapidated. And know gentlemen, due to the Olympic Committees regeneration programme, the streets are clean, the alleys are well lightThe most classic venue of the 2012 has been described as an architects dream. Planned and already in mental synthesis the 500 acre park promises an excellent site for sporting activities, with over 9 competition events, and is claimed to be the biggest sports site in Europe for nearly one hundred fifty years.Outside of the new Olympic Park, which will principally host interior sports and track and athletic events, all of England will join in as hosts. However it is not upright London that is going to benefit. Throughout the countries thither will be facilities available. Already the Olympic Committee, has set up resplendent badminton centers in Birmingham, superb swimming pools in Swansea and even mountain biking in ManchesterHowever to gain the most from the Olympics we need to maximize the legacy exit. currently the plan is to sell the Olympic stadium to West Ham football game Club, so that they can keep the sporting spirit alive. The legacy effect is in essence the only thing that will keep countenance us to maintain the investment of hosting the Olympic Games.Britain, has the highest number of sports fans in the world, we have a pride in our sport, when we hear our national anthem at any event our hearts swell with pride. Recently in the wear Commonwealth Games over a thousand British inciteers flew out to India to support Team GB.We are proud to be British, Londoner, but the 2012 Olympics is not just about London. Its about team GB, its about national pride, its about an amazing, historical event taking place on our doorstep, its about getting delirious and involved, and its about making sure that we maximise the legacy and the investment.As passe-partout Coe said The Games will inspire the nation and give us the susceptibility to showcase all that is great about Britain.

Drama In Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essay

A truly living and breathing turn of life is painted in Road Not Taken that presents a situation in which speaker is caught in a finality-making dilemma. The setting of the numbers presents the speaker t a bifurcation of roadway where he must ensconce which trail to take. He can not make out where either road leads. He looks at the bodily aspects of the road and decides to travel on the slight-traveled road. The poem symbolizes the underlying theme of choice-making and speakers indistinguishability in take a less(prenominal)-common way. It further implies that decision-making must not be procrastinated because it is more harmful than the outcome of an endeavor. Furthermore, in manifest that there is no absolute choice available to human being and he has to prefer champion choice over the other provided and governed by destiny. The only specialization that poet has, is his preference of less-common choice.Although whole poem is an extended metaphor of life where one comes across many occasions when he has to make decisions but rime introduces various metaphorical expression to convey the intensity of the situation. In the very first term, Robert Frost brings in the primary metaphor, the diverging roads. Fist line introduces the dilemma of diverging road while in line 2-3 poet shows the limitations of physical being and regrets over human incapability to travel on twain road.Long I stood depicts that he did take the impulsive decision and took his time to make decision. Lines 4-10 depict his comparative examination of both roads. He again refers to human incapacity when he acknowledges that his vision is inadequate. Next devil lines resonate the past feeling as he finds the both road really about the same. In 13-15, he makes his decision whereas lines basketball team lines, he visualizes himself in future, talking about his decision to go on the less-traveled path.            The tone of the poem is me ditative because speaker contemplates on his options. He has to take into account the characteristics of each road. There is an element of regret also as he can not travel on both road but poems ends on an optimistic not as poet thinks that change of location on less-traveled road will make the difference. He signifies the wideness of his individuality that compels him to move on a less-trodden path. He does not embellish the ordinary path in the mundane activities of life.            The structure of the poem has a peculiar importance and is constructed on four stanzas with five lines each. The first stanza presents the dilemma second stanza symbolizes the choices available to the speaker. Third stanza manifests his regret over not pickings the other road whereas fourth road depicts the decision of the poet to take the less traveled road. There is sign of exclamation after line 13 that indicates the excitement on decision to keep the first path for other day but this excitement soon dies out as he doubts that whether he will come back. In lines 18 and 19, there is repetition of I that denotes the emphasis on his decision to move on less traveled trail. Rhyme scheme of the poem is abaabcdccdFrost uses simple phrasing that conveys his message with comprehensive.            So as a whole, this poem uses different poetic tools to describe the psychological dilemma of the poet in decision-making. His experience is not inhering but is of universal nature and he presents it in a deadly way.

The Famous Architect

Known as one of the most celebrated architect of all cartridge clips stamp Lloyd Wright is a legend. The child of minister, William Cary Wright and teacher, Anna Lloyd Jones, Retrieved from http//architect. architecture. sk/frank-lloyd-wright-architect/frank-lloyd-wright-architect. php domestic dog Lincoln Wright was born June 8, 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. Retrieved from http//architecture. about. com/od/wrightwebsites/Frank_Lloyd_Wright_Web_Sites. htm.He later changed his name to Frank Lloyd Wright later on his parents divorced. During his childhood Frank and his family moved several times. At the duration of 12 his family had settled in Madison, Wisconsin, where he attended Madison superior school. Retrieved from http//architecture. about. com/od/wrightwebsites/Frank_Lloyd_Wright_Web_Sites. htm His summers were spent on his Uncle James Lloyd Jones farm in beginning Green, Wisconsin, here he realized his dream of being an architect. Retrieved from http//architec t. rchitecture. sk/frank-lloyd-wright-architect/frank-lloyd-wright-architect. php Without finishing game school he left Madison in 1885 to work for Allan Conover, the dean of the university of Wisconsins Engineering department. When employed at the University he attended two semesters of classes perusing civil engineering. He moved to Chicago in 1887. When Wright moved to Chicago, he worked briefly for an architect. Shortly after that he landed a wrinkle as a draftsman for a firm with Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan.The Auditorium Building was the archetypal project with that firm the building was the largest building in Chicago of that time (1890). During the time he worked with Sullivan he designed several houses including one for himself in Oak Park, Illinois with Sullivans assistant, he stayed employed with Sullivan until 1893. Sullivan was not pleased when he found out that Wright was branching out on his own and after just a few years this lead to a break between them t hey did not speak for many years. Although they departed from each another(prenominal) on bad terms Wright had always felt.

What is an Interest Group?

An invade group (also referred to as protagonism groups) is an composition organized by a special set of volume with specific skills to lobby for or against a specific engage to wellbeing their cause. They usually lobby for one or more sh atomic number 18d concerns to prepare public policy and opinion especially in the U. S. Congress to utility their cause, supporters, or one segment of society. They intromit a vast host of organizations such as charitable organizations, civil right groups, corporations, professional and trading organizations, and so on Their main goal is to publicly or discreetly promoting and creating an expediency for its cause.Different types of Interest Groups There are a variety of interest groups such as business/trade organization, uncouth groups, professional groups, labour groups, encourage causes groups, provoke the welfare groups, religious groups and last but in spades not leads public interest groups. A business/trade organization is crea ted by merchants, business personals or owners and commercial organizations to represent both small and large business groups. An perfection example of these groups are the U. S. Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, issue Association of Manufacturers or N. A. M. (www. srvhs. org. Aug 26th, 2012). The sole objective of an rural group is to sort and look by and by the interest of farmers and farming policy. They represent a variety of farmers in the agricultural sector in the work force who specialize in diary, grain, fruit, pedigree etc. Anything pertaining to farming and their specialized products. Arguable the most known agricultural groups are the guinea pig Farmers Union, The field of study Grange, and the National Farmers Bureau. Professional groups are class as occupations that require extensive training through a certificate or higher education such as education, medicine and law.They are created to promote and protect their members occupational interest s and safety. Examples include The American Medical Association or AMA, The American Bar Associate (ABA) , and The National Education Association (NEA). One of the well known interest groups is motor unions. It is an organization of workers who share the same type of jobs or work in the same industry. (www. srvhs. org. Aug 26th, 2012). They press the government to formulate policies that will be upright to their members.The largest and most well known labor union is the AFL-CIO (The American confederation of Labor Congress of Industrial Organizations). Organized labor unions usually root on with one voice on issues ranging from welfare to Social Security, employment and wages, etc. get up causes groups are a large number of groups that either promote or advocate against a specific their members demand to be subdued upon. Examples include and not excluding the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), The National Right-to-Life Committee, the National Wildlife Federation (NWF), Pla nned Parent and the National Rifle Association (NRA).Promote the welfare groups are defined as interest groups seeking promote interest of a certain segment of the population and its welfare ilk minority groups. They include the American Legion, Vetarens of Foreign Wars, American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Religious groups are interest that try to persuade policy in the favor of religious matters. Examples include the National Council of Churches, the Christian Coalition, the National Catholic Welfare Council, the American Jewish Congress, and the Anti-Defamation League.

Nestle Operations

THE clutch STORY clutch S. A. the manifest Switzerland base inter interior(a) regimen group, origin altogethery consisted of devil companies and deuce overlaps Henri approach and his sis provender in Vevey, and the Anglo-Swiss Condensed draw keep company and its condensed take out society and its condensed take out in Cham, some(prenominal) in Switzerland. In 1866 the Page Brothers track the get together States plume up a parvenu industry in Cham, reservation condensed draw from a young frame naturalise that was available in teemingness in the region. In 1867 Henri approach a chemist in Vevey, shitd a take out and cereal based viands for babies.The companies competed vigorously until 1905, when they merged and became the head start point of the present intellectual nourishment group.MEANING OF hold tight Henri approach endowed his company with the symbol derived from his c in undefiledly off. His family coat of arms, the go up with a mother bird d efend her young, became the Companys logo and a symbol of the Companys c be and attitude to life-long nutrition. The nestle nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family that are so essential to life.BRIEF HISTORY OF cling to 1866 -1905In the 1860s Henri hold close, a pharmacist, riseed a victuals for babies who were unable to breastfeed. 1905-1918 In 1905 come on merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed take out Company. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, Britain, Germany and Spain.. 1918 -1938 . The 1920s aphorism cuddles kickoff expansion into impertinently produces, with coffee berry the Companys second or so strategic activity. 1938 -1944 approach felt the motions of globe War II immediately. Profits dropped from $20 trillion in 1938 to $6 million in 1939.Factories were established in evolution countries, f in every last(predicate) inicularly Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the origina tion of the Companys newest product, Nescafe, which was a staple drink of the US military.. 1944 -1975 In 1947 came the merger with Magi seasonings and soups. Crosse & group A faint s wellspring up followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libbys (1971) and Stouffers (1973). Diversification came with a packageholding in LOreal in 1974. 1975 -1981 nestle make its second venture external the nutrient industry by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc.. 1981 -1996 nuzzle divested a number of teleph ch adenineion circuites1980 / 1984. In 1984, approachs interrupt bottom melodic line allowed the Company to launch a new tour of acquisitions, the nearly important being Ameri stick out fare giant Carnation. 1996+ The first half of the 1990s proved to be favorable for come near administer barriers crumbled and realism markets fa on that pointd into more or less integrated barter field of honors. Since 1996 in that respect diddle been acquisitions including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Pet foods (1998) and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002 in July, cuddle merged its U.S. frost pick job into Dreyers, and in August, a USD 2. 6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc NESTLE TODAY cuddle is instantaneously the human beings largest food company. It is present on five continents, has an annual turn e precise(prenominal)where 70 billion Swiss francs ,runs 522 factories in 81 countries, 200operating companies, 1 elementary research center and 20 technological emergence group and more than 231,000 employees the world over. The hold tight factories are operating in the region of Africa America Asia Europe OceaniaBeing a company dedicated to food from the beginning, hold close remains sensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to precise nutritionary product lines, whilst besides restrictting and matching new trends such(prenominal) as ontogeny out-of-home consumption and caring nearly the well being of its consumers.MISSION STATEMENT cuddle, accept that research stop help them chafe kick heapstairs food so that people live a better life. Good Food is the chief(a) source of Good Health end-to-end life. Nestle strive to convey consumers foods that are safe, of spunky flavour and provide optimal nutrition to collide with physiological needs.In addition to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, Nestle products bring consumers the vital ingredients of savour and pleasure. As consumers persist to make choices regarding foods and beverages they consume, Nestle helps provide selections for all individual(a) taste and lifestyle preferences. investigate is a key expose of inheritance at Nestle and an essential element of prospective. There is still practically to dis check somewhat health, wellness and the usance of food in lives, and treat to search for answers to bring consumers Good Food for Good LifeVISION STATEMENTThe Nestle spheric vis ion is to be the leading health, wellness, and Nutrition Company in the world.NESTLE BRANDS At Nestle, products are developed keeping consumers, their preferences and health in mind. Millions of consumers the world over trust Nestle products for hot reason when they choose a Nestle product they deplete the satisfaction of choosing quality, taste, variety, convenience and the good nutrition. With over cxl years of experience and expertise, Nestle take great pride in bringing us a portfolio of health and wellness beca intention happy, rose-cheeked consumers are important to Nestle.The ten principles of business cognitive trading operations Nutrition, Health and Wellness Nestle totality aim is to enhance the quality of consumers lives every daylight, everywhere by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices and encouraging a healthy lifestyle. Nestle express this viatheir corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. steer by their perpetration to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, they work to profit the nutritional pass judgment of their products while as well as improving taste and enjoyment. Nestle also develop brand communion and discipline that get ons and empowers onsumers to make aware choices about their diet. prize assurance and product safety Everywhere in the world, the Nestle strike represents a promise to the consumer that the product is safe and of laid-back standard. Nestle commitment is never to compromise on the safety of any product. Their Quality constitution summarizes the essentials of their passion for pass bylenceto build trust by offering products and attend that match consumer expectation and preferenceto comply with all internal and external food safety, regulative and quality demands.Quality is everybodys commitment. Nestle incessantly contend theirselves in order to constantly improve and accomplish the postgraduateest levels of quality. It maintain the very(prenominal) exalted food safety standa rds in all countries in which they operate. They look into the delivery of high quality products through their Quality focus System. Consumer communication Nestle is committed to responsible, reliable consumer communication that empowers consumers to exercise their right to informed choice and promotes healthier diets.They follow consumer privacy. Their core business strategy is build around helping consumers to suffer a balanced, healthier diet. The Nestle Consumer conversation Principles contain mandatory rules on marketing communication to all consumers, including right representation and portrayal of foods in a way that does not encourage over? consumption. In addition, specific principles guide their communication to children including no advertizement or marketing activity to children downstairs 6 years of age.Advertising to children from 6 to 12 years is restricted to products that meet predetermined nutritional write criteria, including clear limits on competency and healthsensitive ingredients such as sugars, salt, saturated fecund and trans expositty acids. Human rights in business activities Nestle fully brave the United Nations globose Compacts (UNGC) guiding principles on adult male rights and compass and aim to provide an simulation of good human rights and labor practices throughout nestle business activities. leaders and personal right Nestle achievement is based on their people. It treat each other with respect and hauteur and expect every wholeness to promote a sense of personal responsibility. Nestle heal competent and motivated people who respect their values, provide equal opportwholeies for their ripening and advancement, protect their privacy and do not tolerate any form of harassment or discrimination. Nestle Management and Leadership PrinciplesNestle Management and Leadership Principles describe the culture and basic values they expect their employees to uphold, as well as the attributes needed to be successful i n counsel and leadership Safety and health at work Nestle is committed to preventing accidents, injuries and illness relate to work, and to protect employees, needors and others come to along the value chain. Nestle indemnity on Safety and Health at Work establishes safety as a non-negotiable priority of their culture.They recognize and require that every ane play an active role in providing a safe and healthy purlieu, and promote awareness and fellowship of safety and health to employees, contractors and other people related to to or wedged by their business activities by setting high standards. Nestle reminder their performance through the Nestle Occupational Safety and Health Management System to check out a safe and healthy life. Supplier and guest relations Nestle require their suppliers, agents, subcontractors and their employees to demonstrate honesty, integrity and fairness, and to adhere to their non-negotiable standards.In the said(prenominal) way, they are co mmitted to their own nodes. The Supplier recruit includes requirements such as business integrity, sustainable operating and rude practices, labor standards, safety, health and purlieual . practices. Agriculture and rural study Nestle contribute to rises in agricultural business, the social and economic status of farmers, rural comm unities and in employment musical battle arrays to make them more milieually sustainable.To fancy that their factories obtain raw materials combatively and at required quality and safety specifications Nestle contain in developing sustainable agricultural practices and musical arrangements that contribute to long-term toil expertness, viable incomes for farmers and the guide of agricultural knowledge to suppliersNestle support the application of new technologies and advances in agricultural science, including the opportunities offered by bioscience when their positive effect on food safety, environment, agricultural practices and prod uction strength are scientifically confirmed and legitimate by consumers. Environmental sustainability Nestle commit themselves to environmentally sustainable business practices.At all stages of the product life cycle they strive to make commit of subjective resources goodly, favor the use of sustainably managed renewable resources, and target zero waste. They invest interminably to improve their environmental performance. Water Nestle is committed to the sustainable use of irrigate and continuous improvement in pissing steering. It recognize that the world depends a assumeing body of water challenge and that responsible commission of the worlds resources by all water users is an absolute necessity. Water is a particular area of focus for Nestle. The Nestle Commitments on Water set out their priorities nd objectives on responsible water usage. These are to continue their safaris to r gain the make out of water used in their operations, ensure that activities respect local water resources, ensure that the water they comport into the environment is clean, engage with suppliers to promote water conservation, curiously among farmers, and reach out to others on water conservation and access. Nestle is a founding signatory of the United Nations Global Compact CEO Water Mandate. It monitor and improve water efficiency through their water resources management specialists and in their factories with their environmental Nestle specialists n line with the Nestle Environmental Management System. It recognize the right of all people to have access to clean water to meet their basic needs.SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths The first and the nigh important strength of Nestle is the gens of company itself. They never compromise on quality. They produce quality products correspond to the specification of customer. Their establishment of sale & adenylic acid sale promotion is also one of the strength of Nestle. In the area in which they want to snitch the product the y hold seminars and shows. In this area they monitor the sale and increase the production.They try to convince ultimate consumer. The draw collection procedure of Nestle is also one of its strength. They collect draw from selected people and check its goodness at the location. Then special trucks take it to pulverization. Where they boil draw at 140 degree centigrade and so cool it. This fulfill is repeated for 3 to 4 times. There draw contains 3. 5% fat, which is recommended internationally. Weaknesses One of the weakness of nestle is the product range of Nestle. As there product line is very vast, so they cannot give equal help toward the promotion of each product.We can take the ex adenosine monophosphatele of candies produced by Nestle, they give absolutely no watchfulness toward promoting them despite the fact that if we consider the trust people have on nestle brand there is a large market for candies, part they are promoting their take out products efficaciously. The reason behind this discrepancy is that they have go through budget to promote their products. The other weakness of Nestle is that the company has a very limited number of sales staff in the gray Punjab due to which they are losing some market. Opportunities Nestle can increase their share if they focus on lower in-between class.We can take the example of small pack of Every Day tea whitener whose introduction increases the sales of nestle tremendously. The reason for this was that the price of Every Day tea whitener was with in the range of lower middle class. So, Nestle can increase its share by foc exploitation on lower middle class. The other opportunity for Nestle is that if they introduced draw feeding bottle like Candia and dispense them directly to the customers they can increase their share. By bewraying directly to customers nitty-gritty that they provide draw to the people at their doorsteps. ThreatsIn Pakistan Nestle face threats from lower companies. We can take the example Haleeb and Dairy Queen. The sales of these products have badly affected the sale of Nestle Milk Pack. Haleeb is well promoted than the Nestle Milk Pak. Nestle also face threat from Cadbury, which is multinational company. Cadbury sell candies and chocolates and it affect the sale of Nestle products in the field of candies Research & Development Nestles research and development centers have two chief(a) objectives to create new products and manufacturing transitiones and to improve those that already exist.Along with product quality and safety, the conservation of resources and the preservation of the environment form an integral part of the development criteria for new projects. Research and development encompasses a wide of the mark range of environmentally-related activities with tension on ? environmentally near production techniques and sourcing criteria for agricultural raw materials ? work outing methods that minimize water and zilch consumption, as well as waste genesis ? package designs that reduce total waste and enable environmentally sound judicature options while safeguarding product safety and quality innovative ways to get hold by-products and thus generate secondary raw materials and energy. For important product or process innovation and renovation, Nestles research and development centers prepare an environmental usurpation study. This deals epoch-making aspects in the product life cycle, from the sourcing of raw materials, through processing, to the incase consumer product and the end-life of the packaging material. This study is carefully evaluated, in conjunction with comminuted information on the potential manufacturing site, to ensure that new projects meet Nestles environmental standards.Of the 807 million Swiss francs spent in 1998 on Nestle R throughout the Group, a good part went towards enhancing the wholesomeness of our products. Additionally, these expenditures change our production process, created better packaging, and avoided waste and unwanted residues.R IS MAKING A DIFFERENCE As an example, significant progress has been made in recent years in energy and water intensive blanching and cooking operations. At the end of these processes water essential be draw backd which resulted in wasted energy and raw materials vegetables or pasta for example.Now water is re steerd by s police squad at low pressure. As a result, water consumption was reduced by 80% and product losses during cooking were more than halved. This means lower costs for energy and for sewer water treatment, while at the very(prenominal) time increasing the product yield by 6%. In another example, extraction residues from the production of chicory-based instant drinks, which were expensive to dispose of, have been turned into a invaluable animal feed ingredient. A recent processing improvement for cut fries showed product quality can be significantly improved while also saving energy.One conclusio n of R is that what is good for the environment is frequently synonymous with good industrial practice. Preserving Species The disappearance of many species and varieties of animals and establishs is a reality. all over the past some years, this issue has attracted increasing recognition and ofttimes is being done today to preserve the earths biological change. Industry plays an important role in these efforts since many business sectors depend on natures diversity for their sustainable success.Nestle, as the worlds largest single buyer of coffee and cocoa, lives up to its responsibility by developing the most advanced preservation techniques for many antithetical coffee and cocoa varieties threatened by extinction. In addition, Nestle collaborates with worldly concern research institutes to share its experience and makes its results freely available. In the future, Nestle R&D units are determined to build environmental tribute into products and processes right from the start. High on the agenda are integrated tillage techniques involving minimal use of fertilizers and chemicals, and ecourse to biological pest control methods whenever possible. SUPPLY range Agricultural Raw reals In general, Nestle is not directly involved in the production of raw materials. Wherever possible, locally available raw materials are used.They are either obtained directly from producers or purchased through swap channels. Nestle applies the following principles when sourcing raw materials ? all raw materials must meet both legal and internal quality criteria, including limits on possible environmental contaminants ? whenever possible, preference is given to raw materials that are produced by environmentally sound farming methods (e. . integrated crop management) and ? farmers are encouraged to hire sustainable farming methods and, where appropriate, are provided with give earance in crop production and dairy farm farming.Such assistance includes the provision of recommendations for the conservation of rude(a) resources (soil, water, air, energy, bio-diversity) and techniques for reducing environmental uphold. Manufacturing Manufacturing comprises all processes that are necessary to transform perishable raw materials into safe and satis mill food products for consumers. Nestle strives to achieve optimal performance in its manufacturing activities, including the nvironmental aspects. As such, the manufacturing practices of the Group ? respect natural resources by emphasizing the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy ? ? ? minimize the use of environmentally-hazardous substances continuously attempt improvement in the efficiency of production facilities and reduce waste generation and emissions as much as possible, consider recycling of waste a priority and dispose of non-recyclable waste in an environmentally sound manner. incessant environmental assessments of Nestles manufacturing practices are conducted to ? ? valuate mill performance review factory shape with applicable legislation and Nestles own standards ? fully investigate incidents that could affect the environment and take relevant measures and ? compare results with previous targets and set new improvement objectives. In addition, Nestle exchanges information on environmental protection applied science and practices in order to ensure a wide use of scoop up practices. Nestle encourages its contract cook uprs to use environmentally sound manufacturing practices.Environmental Performance of Our Factories Minimizing the environmental impingement of our factories has eternally been a prime onsideration. Therefore, we periodically review environmental performance of the entire Nestle Group. The results are very encouraging ? ? Nestle has no major environmental problems. Nestle complies with relevant regulations or, in a few exceptional cases, has initiated action to do so. ? Measures taken are proactive and often anticipate future regulatio ns. Many times, measures taken to improve the environment also reduce costs. These surveys also allow us to put concrete figures to our efforts Over the past years, Nestle has invested an average of some 100 million Swiss francs per year in specific measures to protect the environment.This amounts to approximately 3% of total capital expenditure and includes lonesome(prenominal) readily identifiable environmental investment fundss. In addition, material amounts were expended as part of timed capital investment projects and factory environmental operating costs. Examples of these additional expenditures include environmental aspects related to factory remodelion and renovation, environmental tpeltinging of personnel, and maintenance costs for wastewater treatment facilities. casePackaging serves a major role in our day-to-day lives. It protects food products from spoilage and ensures safety from manufacture through storage, distribution and consumption. Packaging may also provi de tamper-evidence features. It communicates information, including nutritional information and serving instructions, and provides the convenience demanded by todays consumers. Nestle is committed to reducing the environmental impact of packaging, without jeopardizing the safety, quality or consumer acceptance of its products.It is Nestles objective to develop safe and wholesome packaged foods using the most efficient and appropriate packaging materials available, while, at the same time, real consumer requirements and expectations. Nestle seeks packaging solutions that ? ? result in the lowest possible pack and volume of packages take into account new packaging materials and processes that reduce the impact on the environment ? avoid the use of substances that can adversely impact the environment during packaging production and disposal ? ecrease packaging waste at all stages, including package manufacturing, use and disposal ? ? increase the use of recycled materials wherever p ossible and increase the recyclability and compatibility of its packages with existing packaging waste management strategys. Regular assessments of Nestles packaging are carried out and action plans are implemented. Nestle supports industrial and governmental efforts to promote integrated waste management that takes into consideration matters such as source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, and landfill.Nestle encourages suppliers of its packaging materials to adopt sound environmental practices. Packaging Source Reduction Packaging waste is one environmental issue that affects the entire consumer goods industry. However, the gap is wide between reality and science spell food packaging accounts for less than 1% of total unwavering waste in most countries, it is passing visible to consumers. Even if the problem of food packaging is small in relation to overall environmental problems, it is nevertheless an important issue for Nestle. The most direct opport unity to educe the scale of the problem is to use as little material as possible. This is not a recent effort by the food industry. Over the last four decades, between the 1950s and 1990s, the weight of a nut take out bottle has been reduced by 36%, a profession name food can by 66%, and an aluminum beer can by 81%. Even though packaging source reduction has always been a consideration, we decided to reinforce these efforts in a more regular way. The first world-wide environmental packaging survey was completed in 1991 for the Nestle Group and has been repeated annually ever since.The last survey revealed that by the end of 1998, Nestle, without compromising product quality, reduced our use of packaging materials by nearly 150,000 tons compared to 1990. A few recent examples that belowline Nestles efforts In Australia the Easter Egg Novelty cartons were reduced in size by altering the design to provide support for the egg. The new design resulted in a 31% reduction in use of p aper board. In Pakistan the Nestle NIDO package, which consisted of 4 bags in a presentation box, was replaced by an aluminium stand-up pouch. This resulted in a 39% reduction, or 47 tons, and husbands 290,000 Swiss francs per year.In Indonesia the Nestle Dancow 200 and four hundredg display boxes were reduced in size by 18 and 25%, respectively. This resulted in a waste reduction of 38 tons and saved nearly 100,000 Swiss francs per year. In Columbia the display box for Maggi bouillon tablets was eliminated. This resulted in a reduction of 303 tons of packaging material and represented a savings of over one million Swiss francs per year. While important progress has already been achieved, we strive to continuously notice opportunities for further reduction. Distribution Distribution of products from the factory to the customer involves transport and storage.Efficient management of the distribution system is essential to preserve the safety and quality of Nestles products, to ensu re a high level of customer go, and to meet its commitment to environmentally sound business practices. To this end, Nestle ? selects appropriate transportation modes, with particular attention given to optimum unit loads (pallets), vehicle- cogency utilization, route planning, and consolidation with outside partners, scheduling, and fuel conservation ? optimises warehouse and distribution center locations and environmentally efficient usable systems and ? dentifies and implements measures to reduce energy consumption and waste. Nestle encourages its distribution service providers to use environmentally sound practices. Distributing our goods from factory to retail centers consumes some 400 million liters of fuel each year. While we at a lower placetake every effort to reduce this, it is useful to put this figure into perspective the distribution of 10 kg of our products from factories to retail outlets in Europerequires an average of 0. 25 liters of fuel. To transport the same a mount from the supermarket to home, consumers burn, on average, one to two liters of fuel. Efficient Container LoadingImproving transport efficiency benefits the environment, but it also makes economic sense. Seemingly simple measures, such as replacing bulky wooden pallets by thin, carton-type slip-sheets, have the potential to save more than 600 international truck journeys a year in our European operations alone. Optimizing shipping cases to fill transport vehicles without leaving gaps between differently shaped containers, together with optimal route planning, Nestle has already achieved substantial savings. Pioneering Rail Transport In countries with competitive racewayways, moving goods from road to rail is an effective option to reduce road congestion.For example ? Vittel has developed a specially adapted block train concept to bestow its regional terminals in France. Vittel transports nearly half of its production, or over 930 million bottles per year, by rail. ? Our Swis s, and later the Austrian subsidiary, convinced the railways to offer overnight trains to bring goods from the national distribution centers to terminal propertys for local deliveries by road. marketing Marketing is based on the principle of satisfying consumers needs. The overall trust of consumers in Nestles brands and products comes from a quality image that has been continuously streng soed for over one hundred thirty years.Nestle strives to increase this trust through its commitment to environmentally sound business practices. For this reason, Nestle ? opposes short-term, opportunistic green marketing that can mislead the consumer ? bases environmental claims in advertising, promotional material, labelling, and corporate communications on solid scientific evidence and ? selects materials and printing methods for merchandising materials such as consumer offers, in- lay in promotions, display materials, leaflet, and printed materials in light of environmental considerations.No Green Marketing Nestle adheres to the Code on Environmental Advertising established by the global Chamber of Commerce. This Code is based on the principle of self- regulation and self-discipline and is intended to assist companies in making responsible use of environmental claims in advertising. sustainable Development For Nestle, respect for the environment is part of a broader perspective on sustainable development. Nestle has adhered to The Business Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) since its publication in 1991.Measures for environmental protection often trigger beneficial economic and social effects, and vice-versa. Since the Rio Summit in 1992, all of society, be it governments, industry, NGOs or others, have tried to translate the sustainable development concept into reality. As part of this effort, we participate in the work of several(prenominal) organizations dealing with this subject For example, we are a founding member of the orbit Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in Geneva, and we contribute actively in the Working Group Sustainable Development in the City of Vevey. Nestle Working with CommunitiesSouth Africa Nestle is supporting several community-based organizations in putting sustainable development into practice. Recently, in South Africa, we have given support to Eco concern and LEAP to finance and help manage plans which clean up the environment and improve hygiene in rural areas. The Eco Link project is aimed at providing assistance through education. People are taught to collect litter such as paper, cardboard and cans, which when put in a trench and cover with a compost can then be used to plant vegetables. The litter provides the necessary drainage and wet retention.The project has dual advantages it cleans up the environment and provides fresh vegetables for the family, as well as providing an income when surplus food is grown. This program is now being presented to school children who are encouraged to grow small gardens at school. In rural areas water supply is a major problem. Women can spend almost 5 hours a day collecting water for the home. In addition, the springs from which they take the water are often used by animals and can be polluted. Nestle is taking part in a project to help villagers establish a supply of clean water near to home.People were taught how to identify sources of netherground springs and to channel rain water and introduce it in reasonably hygienic conditions. The team taught villagers how to construct a tank to catch the rain water using corrugated iron and wire mesh as a mould which is then plastered with a cement, stone and sand mixture. With a wooden cover on top and a tap at the base the villagers have the means to store clean, drinkable water. Information, Communication & Training Nestle provides information on its activities, including those related to the protection of the environment.Within this con text, Nestle ? communicates its environmental efforts, both inside and outside the Company, to build understanding concerning its environmental commitment ? fosters unfaltering environmental awareness and responsibility among its employees through pedagogy programs and ? shares environmental information with governments, local communities, industry, consumers and other interested stakeholders. We do this through a wide variety of means. For example, our factory environmental surveys involve thousands of people at all levels, from top management to the factory floor.These practical exercises are reinforced by in-house magazines, specialized newsletters, and videos. To help educate the public, Nestle works with organizations that produce films on environmental issues, sponsor re-forestation programs, or create educational materials for the public. These activities are also important to our role in sustainable development. At our international educate center in Switzerland, environm ental issues are now a regular part of courses attended by Nestles international executives. These efforts are multiplied by countless learn sessions organized by our Group companies.Internal communication and training are a priority for Nestle. As a people-driven company, employees are our most important asset. Thus, we emphasize all measures that help them act in an environmentally responsible manner. Legislation Nestle complies with all laws and regulations which apply to its activities, including those involving the environment. To promote an effective regulatory system with respect to the environment, Nestle ? participates in legislative and regulatory discussions between international organizations, government representatives, industry, the scientific community, and consumer associations ? ? supports appropriate voluntary initiatives knowing to protect the environment fosters rational environmental laws and regulations opposes unjustified prohibitions and other preferential measures and ? favors the harmonizing of environmental laws, regulations and standards in order to eliminate existing and future trade barriers. Nestle Environmental Management System Nestle has made systematic efforts to account for environmental concerns of all its activities.In particular, we have appointed environmental officers, issued policies, conducted environmental surveys, reinforced training efforts, developed environmental communications, and made many innovations in our packaging. To complement and integrate these efforts, we created and implemented Nestles own Environmental Management System. The Nestle Environmental Management System (NEMS) is an essential corporate management hammer that consolidates all organizational and technical measures taken by the Group to achieve environmentally sound business practices.The NEMS objectives include the following ? to provide a systematic approach that ensures compliance with Nestles environmental policy, applicable legislati on and Nestles operational standards ? to ensure the continuous improvement of Nestles environmental performance, for example, through the conservation of natural resources and minimizing waste ? to achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems, such as ISO 14001 and the European Union Eco-Management and Audit intent and ? o build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners. The Nestle Environmental Management System is being implemented throughout Nestles entire operation. We believe NEMS will enhance our global performance and contribute to our scrap in the world market. NEMS in deed Germany stolon EMAS Registration of a Nestle grinder at Weiding, Germany On December 19, 1995, our factory in Weiding, Germany became the first Nestle factory in Europe to be registered in the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS).This means that Weidings environmental management system and public environ mental statement have been examined and validated by an external, license verifier. Weiding Factory Greatly Reduced Disposed Waste Even anterior to EMAS Employing around 900 people and producing more than 550 high-value products ranging from babe foods to condensed draw to chilled deserts, the Weiding factory is one of largest plants in Germany. The existence of a comprehensive waste management scheme at the factory was of great assistance in developing the new environmental management system.As part of the development of the environmental management system, environmental manuals were prepared both for the factory and Nestle Germany. These manuals provide the foundation of the system setting policies, principles, and management procedures related to the environmental aspects of the operations. In addition, a site-related environmental statement was published that included an invitation to dialogue addressed to employees, authorities, clients, suppliers, the media, and neighborin g communities. The EMAS adaption has been successfully repeated in 1998 and complemented with an ISO 14001 ertification. sideline Weiding, several other Nestle factories throughout the world have succeeded in obtaining ISO 14001 certification and EMAS registration. NEMS in Action USA In 1996, the Danville, Virginia, USA factory was the first Nestle US factory to fully implement NEMS which is based on and consistent with ISO 14001 Danville has shown that good environment is also good business. In the first year of implementing NEMS, the factory reduced solid waste by over 10% resulting in savings of $370,000 and reduced its wastewater impact and concentrations by 8%.These successes were made possible through the dedication of the factory employees and a strong emphasis on training and awareness. The factory implemented an environmental training program as part of the new employee orientation and the semiannual environmental training for all employees. Waste Reduced Through NEMS NE MS Supports the Environment and Business accumulative Savings The continuing nature of NEMS has facilitated similar accomplishments annually. To date, factory savings related to NEMS have exceeded $800,000 and solid wastes have been reduced by 41%.NEMS in Action Philippines Part of NEMS is ensuring a high degree of employee environmental awareness. As an example, Nestle Philippines, in implementation of NEMS, prepared through an interdisciplinary assign force, a highly regarded environmental training program. This program is continuously provided to groups of employees and highlights specific issues related to their job functions and protection of the environment. The success of this program is evidenced by the numerous awards received by Nestle Philippines manufacturing facilities.Most notable of these are ? big(p) Healthy Workplace Award given by government agencies including the division of Health, part of Environment and Natural Resources, and the Department of Labor and Emp loyment, to the Cabuyao and Lipa Factories in 1998. ? take Nature Award given by the Pollution Control sleeper of the Philippines in 1998. ? Anvil Award of Excellence given by the worldly concern Relations Society of the Philippines for Nestles efforts in enhancing the environmental awareness of the public. Most Environment-Friendly Company Award given by the Laguna Lake Development Authority to trey Nestle factories (Cabuyao, morning time, and Alabang) in 1996. ? One of the Greenest Company Awards given by the DENR to the Aurora factory in 1996. The water discharge from these facilities is of very high quality. Tilapia, a fresh water fish, often harvested for food, abundantly grows in the clarifying ponds and discharge canals of their treatment facilities. Nestle Pakistan Nestle MilkPak Limited (NESTLE take outPAK LTD.L) was incorporated in Pakistan under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 & listed on Karachi and Lahore mental strain exchanges since 1980. Joint venture between Nestle Switzerland and MilkPak Limited came about in 1988. Nestle pure(a) Life was launched in Pakistan in 1998 REGIONAL SALES OFFICES Nestle has 10 Regional gross sales Offices in all over the Pakistan. Karachi F 77/1, Block 7,Clifton, KDA Scheme 5,Karachi, Sind, Pakistan sound (021) 5833935-6 Fax (021) 5833937 Hyderabad 178, Block C, Unit 2Latifabad, Hyderabad, Sind, Pakistan Phone (0221) 860403Fax (0221) 863202 Sukkur F 33/5 CWorkshop RoadSukkur, Sind, Pakistan.Phone (071) 615946Fax (071) 615946 Lahore 29-B, Main Gulberg,Lahore, Punjab, PakistanPhone (042) 5754335-6, 5761484Fax (042) 515061 Quetta 63 B D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari special K Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan Phone (081) 834887Fax (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue eye socket, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone (051) 271874-75,824328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & Corporate Office Is in Lahore 308 top(prenominal) Mall, Lahor e PABX 5757082-95 Fax 5711820 Faisalabad House No. 4-Y-103 Madina Town,Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Phone (041)726993Fax (041) 47438 Gujranwala Plot No 144-A, First Floor Satellite-Town Market, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Phone (055) 3733415 Fax (055) 3733415 Peshawar 201, 2nd Floor, City Tower, Jamrud Road, B Block,Peshawar, N. W. F. P. , Pakistan Phone (091) 840859, 842415Fax (091)45516 Multan Surij Miani Road, Chungi No. ,Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Phone (061) 515061Fax (061) 515061 Quetta 63 B D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari greenness Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan Phone (081) 834887Fax (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone (051) 271874-75,824328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & Corporate Office Is in Lahore 308 top(prenominal) Mall, Lahore PABX 5757082-95 Fax 5711 SALES ORGANIZATION HIERARCHY Managing manager IAN Donald Sales Director Zafar Hussain Shah Zona l Sales Manager Ammad MalikRegional Sales Manager Abdul Mateen Khan Area Sales Manager 6 ASM Territory Incharge TI 14 regulate Booker FACTORIES 250 Nestle has two factories in Pakistan for the production of different food items. One in Sheikhupura near Lahore and other in Kabirwala near Multan intersection Design Product design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a natural object or service The Nestle Pure Life water bottles themselves have a shaped design, sort of a hour-glass shape with big top and bottom with indented waist.The bottom 1/3 of the bottle has extend lines to help with hold and grip on the bottle There is a bright blue label strip that runs around Unique bottle design, developed by designers team, catchy self-adhesive and glossy label, and trendy name, give to the product the edge that is needed to be spotted on the shelves INFLUENCES UPON DESIGN ? Service Expected. ? Appearance ? Shipping Co sts ? Cost to concoct ? consumer preferences Nestle Milkpak Ltd. As a consequence of joint venture arrangement between NestleS. A. of Switzerland and Milkpak Ltd.In 1988, the existing production facility of Milkpak in Sheikhupura became a part of Nestle Milkpak. The Milkpak Sheikhupura factory had commenced operations in1981 as a producer of UHT milk. By 1988, it had expanded its operation and was also producing butter, cream, Desi ghee all under the brand name of MILKPAK and juice drinks under the brand name FROST. Conscious of the large food market that Pakistan offered, Nestle Milkpak drew up ambitious expansion plans. While re-organizing and re-enforcing the production of existing brands, it lost no time in well-favored shape to new production lines.The first to come was a milk mill plant, which not only began producing NIDO in 1990but was also critical to the production of several milk-based products in the future. With the installation of the roller dryer in1990, the first such product to come was CERELAC an internationally recognized brand on infant cereal, followed by LACTOGEN 1 & 2 in 1991. The year 1992 saw the introduction of tea whitener EVERYDAY and milk demolishize in bulk packing named GLORIA. milo maize and NESLAC came under production in 1994 and MILO RTD, In 1995. Local packing of coffee mixes under the name of NESCAFE 3 in 1commenced the same year.In 1996, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. first confectionery plant of POLO green goddess was installed and the line of NESTLE PURE ORANGE JUICE was also added. Packaging of coffee under the brand name NESCAFE CLASSIC was under taken the same year. In 1997 NESTLE WHEAT and two conformations of POLO viz. hemangioma simplex and Orange were introduced. 1998 has been, by far, the most outstanding year for Nestle Milkpak. As a result of the timely implementation of major expansion plans, involving a substantial capital outlay, no less than 17 products were launched during the year.Significantly, the fa ctory now houses three new flavors of POLO in addition to two flavors of POLO, namely Black current and Strong Mint brought the number of POLO variants to five. A new variant Lemony was added to the range of popular FROST fruit drink flavors and a new 1-liter packing of FROST was introduced. Three flavored milk Vanilla, Strawberry and Mango, under the brand FRESH & FRUITY, came under production on the new Tetra Filling Machine equipped with the modern slim format. MILO RTD and UHT thresh about were also shifted over to this new format.A flexible confectionery line for the manufacture of a wide range of high and low boiled sweets and toffees was commissioned, with TOFFO and two variants of SOOTHERS Menthol Eucalyptus and Honey Lemon, being the maiden products. Nestle Milkpak also contract to supply dairy mixes to McDonalds, for its popular soft serves and milk shakes. And to top it all, the most prestigious project, NESTLE PURE LIFE was also commissioned in December1998. based on the latest water treatment and bottling technology, this marked the entryway of Nestle Milkpak in the Pakistan water market.In the past, Indus Fruit Products Ltd. has been co-processing fruit pulping for Nestle Milkpak. In view of the growing needs of fruit pulp for its products as well as for exports, Nestle Milk pak entered into a 5-year lease agreement with the management enables Nestle Milkpak to put in place its own systems to ensure better product quality and capacity utilization. The new cold sauces production line has been established at this plant. ESTABLISHMENT OF NESTLE MILKPAK, KABIRWALA FACTORY In 1986 Milkpak Ltd. acquired the function of Kabirwala Dairy Ltd. For co packing of UHT milk under the brand name MILKPAK.Nestle Milkpak acquired KDL in 1990 as a subsidiary and began installation on a MAGGI NOODLES plant in 1991. this production line became operational in 1992 with two flavors Chicken and Masala. This second milk powder plant was commissioned in September 1996. the plant produces NIDO, GLORIA and skim milk powder. The UHT line was discontinued in June 1996 and the same year witnessed the launching of the MAGGI YAKHNI linewith 3 flavors Chicken, Masala and Chatpata. With the merger of this factory with Nestle Milkpak in April 1997,Kabirwala Factory, as it is now called, is a fully owned unit of Nestle Milkpak Ltd.In February 1999 the newly installed evaporator came on stream in Kabirwala Factory, doubling the outfit of the spray dryer. Alongside, the warehouse capacity at Kabirwala to handle the increased volumes of terminate products was proportionately increased. 1999 also saw the installation of a pouch-filling machine, making Kabirwala Factory independent from Sheikhupura . YEAR 1981 1983 1986 UHT Milk Butter Milk Desi Frost result NAME Pak Cream Ghee Juice Milk Pak UHT Milk 1990 Nido Cerelac 1991 Nestum Lectogen 1992 Everyday Gloria Maggis Noodles aft(prenominal)wardnoon tea Whitener 1994 Milo Neslac 1996Nestea Polo Nescafe Classic Maggi Yakhni 1997 Nestle Wheat 1998 Toffo Soothers Nestle Pure Life 1999 Maggi Fruit Butter Skotch Sauces Drops 2001 Nescafe Creamy Flavors Cream milk powder Nestle Milkpak Ltd. Market Leader Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is the market leader in food and beverage industry. They are producing high quality well cognize brands. There is no such competitor that can compete Nestle Milkpak Ltd . in its total product mix. There are a few local competitors of the company in different product item. These competitors are Rafhan Rafhan is competing Nestle in infant and follow up cereals.Shezan and Bambino Shezan and Bambino is competing Nestle Milkpaks local brand Frost. CDL and Adar-e-kisan These two competitors are competing in milk and milk powder products. In spite of this competition, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is enjoying about 70-75% market share in Pakistan. DIVISIONS OF NESTLE MILK PAK ltd. Production piece Quality asst Department Brand wise production departments Marketing voice Customer Relation Department Distribution Department Research & Development Milk Collection Division Agriculture service Department Logistic Department HR Division Personnel departmentFinance Division exchequer department OBJECTIVES OF NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ? The major objective of the company is to sell high quality, innovative and superior products which satisfy needs and wants of consumers. ? ? Nestle not maximize profit through high market share but use satisfaction of consumer. The health of consumer and employees is at primary priorities ? Nestle provide the contaminant free enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ent and provide the medical facilities ? ? Nestle establish policies, programs and practices to conduct operation in an enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ntally sound manner. Nestle operate to achieve highest standard of good conduct, which acquire companys activities and relationship world-wide in each business sector. ? Nestle aim to deal only with reputable suppliers who willing to apply Nes tle Quality Standard. ? Nestle has been committed to enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. entally sound business practices throughout the world. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. The top management of Nestle MilkPak continuously carries on environmental scanning and within the environmental trends.Opportunities & opportunities they continue on required adjustments in their organization to remain variable and to decease in the face of competition. CORE COMPETENCIES Nestle Milk Pak has the following core competencies. WORK FORCE Nestle Milk Pak has a small work force as their most of the operations are automated. They have a very skillful and trained workforce. FACILITIES The NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. s facilities i. e. offices stores and plants are very well located and have the requisite capabilities, which is a big competitive advantage for them.SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY Nestle Milkpak ltd. is an organization which heavily depends upon new systems and technologies to excel in the market. Th e organization is well equipped with new developed systems and technologies especially in their operations COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES Following are the competitive priorities of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. Consistent quality Development speed Volume flexibility lineament Quality is the cone competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. They take quality in two ways. High performance design and consistent quality. lucid QUALITYNESTLE MILKPAK LTD. pays special attention for maintaining consistent quality. They have special sort of equipments and process which facilitates in maintaining a consistent quality. So the each and every unit of its product equally satisfies its customers. DEVELOPMENT SPEED As for as develop speed is concerned NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. is the industry leader not only in Pakistan but all over the world. They have a team of very innovative people which consistently focus on the development of new products and to improve the already existing products. VOLUME FLEXIBILITYVolume fl exibility is one of the competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. When the availability of Milk is high in winter season they increase their production as the milk cannot be stored for longer period of time. In season when there is shortage of milk their production rate dropped. So they can adjust their volume of production according to their requirements. FLOW outline Flow strategy is one of the primary element of operations strategy. Based on competitive priorities a lam strategy is selected. It specifies has the operations system to be organized and handled.For different set of products different flow strategies can be implemented. LINE FLOW outline NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. has adopted the line flow strategy here the system is organized around the product. In this strategy all products follow running(a) pattern in facility. NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. has high volume production with highly automated facility and huge capital investment is there and the exchangeable products they produ ce. So they follow the line strategy. STRATEGIES BASED ON FLOW Following are the flow based strategies adopted by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. begin TO STOCK STRATEGY NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ollows the make to stock strategy. They have high volume production and the demand for their products can be forecasted quite well, there exist repetition of work and a consistent quality is hold all these priorities lead to make to stock strategy. STANDARDIZED SERVICE STRATEGY The products which are provided by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. are order. Therefore the standardized service strategy also exist in NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. Ltd. They have standardized and consistent quality products. PRODUCTION PROCESS Milk Collection & Reception Storing Standardization De-CreamingCooling crop-dusting drying drying up Pasteurization Packing MILK COLLECTION Milk Collection system of Industry is excellent. According to this system the companies trucks reach 140000 milkmen and collect milk daily. The milkmen provide milk on contract basis. Prices of milk vary in case of self-collection and contract basis. On milk center price of milks is paid at Rs. 5. 80 per liter at 6% risques. If the quality of fat is less than required 6% then price will be paid less proportionately. Percentage of complete in Various Kinds of Milk. Buffalo 6% Fat Cow 3. 5% Goat 3% Sheep 6% Human 3. 5%At milk collection centers, Gerber Test in done for the determination of Fat. Companies are move to maintain 3. 5%Fats under pure Food Laws. It is legal requirement throughout the world Milk collection system of Nestle Milk Pak is excellent. According to this system milk is poised from area of about 72,000 km . Village Milk centers Sub centers Main Centers 2273 583 23 On milk centers price of milk is paid according to percentage offers. If the quality of fat is less than required (6%) than price will be paid accordingly. At milk collection centers, gerber test is performed for determination of fat.In milk collection centers tempera ture of milk is kept at 4oC. Nestle purchase milk directly few frames, there is no middle man. Collection Areas are in all over Punjab Nestle Milk Pak divide the areas in following Categories ? ? ? ? Sahiwal, Burewala, Okara and so forth Pindi Bhattian, Chaniot, Sarghoda Kabir Wala, Mian Channu, Shorkot, Kahane wal, Kacha KHU Bahawalpur , Bahawalnagar, Chistian, Ahmadpur There are Area collection managers, Milk collection Cocoordinators and Milk Collection Supervisors in each Area for collection of specific amount of Milk in specific time. RECEPTIONFrom milk collection centers milk is collected and delivered to factory daily seal of tankers are properly decided. Receiving capacity of milk is 60,000 liters. At reception following tests are performed before storing milk to assure the quality of milk. 1. Alcohol precipitation test 2- Clot an boiling 3- Fat (5. 8% 6%) 4- SNF (Solid non fat) (8. 5-8. 9) 5- PH test (6. 8 6. 9 Up to reception temp of milk is about 8-10oC, there is no rej ection on temperature basis. Trollers are not preferred to stay more than 1. 75 Hrs. in factory so that they can in time collect milk for next day.STORING OF MILK Milk is stored in storage tanks called Silos. The capacity to store milk is 596 tons. There are 5 Silos of100 tons each, 2 Silos of 10 tons each, 1 Silo of 70 tons. Milk can be stored for 36 Hours in Silos. STANDARDIZATION All the animals have different composition of fats in their milk indifferent seasons. Standardize milk according to the recipe milk is given temperature of 72oC for 15 seconds to reduce bacterias in milk, this process is called thermization life of milk is increased by this process and in normalisation composition of fats and SNF are standardized.DE-CREAMING In this process dirt particles, SNF and cream is separated, milk is given temp of 60oC and 60,000 rpm in de-creamer. So that dirt particles cream can be separated. Cream is send to butter section. Dirt is all in(p) subsequently 30 seconds milk is send for further processes. PASTEURIZATION In This Process milk is heated at 92 oC for 5 seconds to remove remaining bacterias. Milk powder process activities After pasteurization milk to treated for conversion into powder, following activities are performed to milk Evaporation a) Low heat treatment Milk is heated at high pressure of 889 milli bar so that it start boiling at about 70 oC . (b)4-effect falling film Milk is evaporated in 4 effect system. Milk is evaporated about 56%, 62%, 67% and 75% after 1st 2nd third and 4th effect respectively. After 3rd effect Homogenization is done which uneven composition of fats and SNF is homogenized Spray drying In this process there are 5 lateral high pressure nozzles which exert high pressure on milk after that there which exert high pressure on milk after that there are about 50% water and 50%solids are remained in milk.After this step about 320oC hot air is thrown on milk, it is very quick process in which powder settle in base and moist ure evaporate in forms of vapors. Central lecithination Lecithinate is sprayed on powder so that it is converted into highly dissolvable powder. That way Nestle Milk Pak say Nido is instant Milk (easily dissolvable in hot ad cold water). Drying After all these procuress still powder has 5. 5 % moisture in it, Powder is dried through xEgran System to reduce moisture level up to 3. 1% Cooling After drying there is a cooling process, in which powder is cooled before storing.Storing of powder Powder is stored in bins there are 40 bins. Packing Milk is packed in different packing according to the weight required, form tote tilting station from bins. cleverness Capacity is the maximum rate of output for a facility. The operations manager must provide the capacity to meet current and future demands otherwise the organization will miss the opportunities for growth & profits. Capacity planning is duty of top management and it is long term . In flush season when milk is abundantly availa ble they utilize capacity 100% as cleaning time is just 4 hours daily and 20 hours for working.Installed capacity in NIDO plant is 560 tons, it produces 4 tons / Hours & in 20 working hrs it can produce 80tons per day. In pass when availability of milk is lower they have their annual shut down (June). They have training session for employees and vacations in that time. There are true standards for labor utilization. Efficiency of employees is calculated daily. LOCATION Facility location is the process of determining a geographic site for a firms operations. Nestle Pack has located one of its factories at KabirwalaREASONS FOR SELECTING THIS LOCATION proximity TO SUPPLIERS AND RESOURCES This factory has been located in this area because here the supply of milk is more than the requirement of the local area. This factory location is immensely border by Agricultural farms, villages and small towns. The people o f these areas have their own animals and the feudal of the region hav e their own live stock farms. So there is abundant milk available. Furthermore, by locating one factor y at Sheikhupura and the other at Kabirwala the Nestl MilkPak can cover the geographic area of milk collection very well, especially the area of whole Punjab.REPUTATION OF THE LOCATION Placing of the factory at Kabirwala is also advantageous in this way that at the current place there was actually the factory in the name of Kabirwala Dairies Ltd. (KDL). So the place has thereputation of having a milk factory. The suppliers of milk are already oriented with this location. PROXIMITY TO NATIONAL HIGHWAY Kabirwala factory is quite closer to National Highways so the transportation of Raw sensible and Finished Goods is also easier. In the end we can say that the most important and critical factor for locating the facility at this place is the availability of the milk in this area.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply range of mountains Management seeks to synchronize a firms functions and tho se of its suppliers to match the flow of materials ,services and information with customer demand. A basic purpose of supply Chain management is to control inventory by managing the flows of materials. TYPES OF INVENTORIES Following types of inventories are kept by Nestle Milkpak Kabirwala RAW MATERIALS Raw Material inventory of Nestle MilkPak consists of milk. Their Raw Material is kept in Silos . Silos are the big tanks, which are used to store the milk.Inventories of their raw materials cannot be maintained in bulk quality and for a longer period of time. The factory can store the milk up to 596000 liters. They have five silos for storing the milk all have different capacities. The milk can remain there for the period of 36 hours without loosing quality. WORK IN PROCESS INVENTORIES Work in process inventories are not to huge. any(prenominal) they put into production they stop production after its completion if there is no unusual break down. The unpacked goods inventory can be co nsidered as the WIP inventory. The condensed milk is stored in Bins.Bins are the big boxes in which the milk powder is stored before packing it. hen through an automatic plant the milk is packed. The butter is stored in huge tubs. From where that is packed through the automatic. FINISHED GOODS catalogue Inventories of packaging material can also be included in WIP inventories. The packing material is purchase externally. The supplier of packing material is packag